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<title>Bien que cela demeure encore aujourd&#8217;hui tr&egrave;s
controvers&eacute;, un grand nombre d&#8217;&eacute;tudes
&eacute;pid&eacute;miologiques &eacute;tablissent un lien direct entre la p=
rise
d&#8217;un inhibiteur du recaptage de la s&eacute;rotonine (ISRS) et la
survenue d&#8217;h&eacute;morragies gastriques</title>
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<p class=3DMsoNormal><b style=3D'mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style=3D'text-transform:uppercase'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b style=3D'mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style=3D'text-transform:uppercase'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b style=3D'mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style=3D'text-transform:uppercase'>ISRS et saignements gastro-intestinaux<o=
:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'>Entre 1999 et 2003, on es=
time que
le nombre de prescriptions d&#8217;inhibiteurs s&eacute;lectifs de recaptur=
e de
la s&eacute;rotonine (ISRS) est pass&eacute; de 9 millions &agrave; plus de=
 15
millions au Canada, ce qui repr&eacute;sente une augmentation de 80%.<sup>1=
</sup><span
style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp; </span>Bien que cela demeure encore
aujourd&#8217;hui tr&egrave;s controvers&eacute;, un certain nombre d&#8217=
;&eacute;tudes
&eacute;pid&eacute;miologiques &eacute;tablissent un lien direct entre la p=
rise
d&#8217;un ISRS et la survenue d&#8217;h&eacute;morragies gastriques<sup>2,=
3,4</sup>.<span
style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp; </span>Une consultation de la monographie=
 des
diff&eacute;rents agents de cette famille d&#8217;antid&eacute;presseurs no=
us
permet de constater que ce risque est mentionn&eacute; mais qu&#8217;il est
tout de m&ecirc;me mal quantifi&eacute; et donc difficile &agrave;
&eacute;valuer.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp; </span>Pour ces rais=
ons,
il devient n&eacute;cessaire de s&#8217;int&eacute;resser &agrave;
l&#8217;impact clinique de cet effet ind&eacute;sirable majeur et &agrave; =
la
fa&ccedil;on de le contrer.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp; </span><=
/p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'>Les ph&eacute;nom&egrave;=
nes biologiques
&agrave; la base de cet effet ont &eacute;t&eacute; mis en &eacute;vidence =
par
de nombreux scientifiques.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp; </span>En=
 cas
de dommage vasculaire, on observe une lib&eacute;ration de s&eacute;rotonine
(S&Eacute;) par les plaquettes, ce qui induit une constriction vasculaire a=
insi
qu&#8217;une agr&eacute;gation plaquettaire.<span
style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp; </span>Puisque ces derni&egrave;res n&#82=
17;ont
pas la capacit&eacute; de produire elles-m&ecirc;mes de la S&Eacute;,
l&#8217;utilisation d&#8217;un ISRS bloque le seul m&eacute;canisme permett=
ant
l&#8217;entreposage du neurotransmetteur.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&=
nbsp;
</span>On note d&#8217;ailleurs une diminution drastique du contenu
plaquettaire en S&Eacute; apr&egrave;s seulement deux semaines de traitement
avec cette classe de m&eacute;dicament.<sup>5</sup><span
style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp; </span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'>&Eacute;tant donn&eacute;=
 le
nombre impressionnant d&#8217;articles (&eacute;tudes observationnelles,
&eacute;tudes de cas) portant sur ce risque potentiel, la publication
d&#8217;une m&eacute;ta-analyse r&eacute;cente regroupant plus de 150&nbsp;=
000
patients provenant de 4 &eacute;tudes observationnelles contr&ocirc;l&eacut=
e;es
s&#8217;est av&eacute;r&eacute;e tr&egrave;s utile.<span
style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp; </span>Selon les auteurs, le rapport de c=
otes
li&eacute; &agrave; l&#8217;usage d&#8217;un ISRS serait de 2,36 (Intervall=
e de
confiance [IC] 95%&nbsp;1,44-3,85).<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;
</span>Cela signifie que pour chaque groupe de 318 patients trait&eacute;s =
en 1
an avec un ISRS, nous pourrions noter la survenue d&#8217;une h&eacute;morr=
agie
digestive haute chez un patient.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp; </s=
pan>On
observe &eacute;galement que l&#8217;ajout d&#8217;un anti-inflammatoire non
st&eacute;ro&iuml;dien (AINS) &agrave; l&#8217;antid&eacute;presseur augmen=
terait
davantage ce rapport pour atteindre une valeur de 6,33 (IC 95% 3,40-11,82).=
<span
style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp; </span>Le nombre de patients &agrave; tra=
iter
avec la combinaison ISRS-AINS durant un an pour l&#8217;obtention d&#8217;un
cas d&#8217;h&eacute;morragie digestive haute serait ainsi de 82.<sup>6</su=
p><span
style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp; </span>Parmi les diff&eacute;rentes
&eacute;tudes disponibles, certaines indiquent une augmentation synergique =
du
risque de saignements entre les ISRS et d&#8217;autres m&eacute;dications
&agrave; risque (aspirine, AINS<span class=3DGramE>)<sup>7</sup></span><sup=
><span
style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp; </span></sup>Les AINS et les doses les pl=
us
&agrave; risque ne sont toutefois pas sp&eacute;cifi&eacute;s.<span
style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp; </span>On tente &eacute;galement
d&#8217;&eacute;tablir un lien entre la s&eacute;lectivit&eacute; des
diff&eacute;rents antid&eacute;presseurs pour les r&eacute;cepteurs <span
class=3DSpellE>s&eacute;rotoninergiques</span> et leur potentiel &agrave; c=
auser
cet effet ind&eacute;sirable<sup>8</sup>.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&=
nbsp;
</span>On note toutefois que la publication d&#8217;&eacute;tudes concluant
&agrave; l&#8217;absence de lien significatif entre la prise d&#8217;un ISR=
S et
la survenue de saignements gastriques<sup>9<span class=3DGramE>,10</span></=
sup> souligne
l&#8217;importance de donn&eacute;es suppl&eacute;mentaires avant de conclu=
re
&agrave; un lien de cause &agrave; effet.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&=
nbsp;
</span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'>La plupart des auteurs re=
commandent
de faire preuve de prudence lorsqu&#8217;un ISRS est prescrit &agrave; un
patient qui re&ccedil;oit &eacute;galement un m&eacute;dicament pouvant
accro&icirc;tre le risque de saignements (antiplaquettaires, anticoagulants=
 et AINS)
ou qui pr&eacute;sente des facteurs de risque additionnels tels qu&#8217;un
&acirc;ge avanc&eacute;, un ant&eacute;c&eacute;dent d&#8217;ulc&egrave;re
gastrique, etc.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp; </span>On recommande
&eacute;galement de consid&eacute;rer les risques et b&eacute;n&eacute;fices
d&#8217;une telle combinaison chez ce type de patient.<span
style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp; </span>Bien que les b&eacute;n&eacute;fic=
es
quant &agrave; l&#8217;ajout d&#8217;un protecteur gastrique n&#8217;aient =
pas
&eacute;t&eacute; d&eacute;montr&eacute;s jusqu&#8217;&agrave; maintenant c=
hez
les utilisateurs d&#8217;ISRS, certains auteurs recommandent tout de m&ecir=
c;me
leur usage chez les patients &agrave; haut risque<sup>11</sup>.<span
style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp; </span>L&#8217;impact des ISRS peut
para&icirc;tre n&eacute;gligeable pour un individu seul, mais les ISRS peuv=
ent
largement contribuer au fardeau des saignements gastro-intestinaux dans la
population g&eacute;n&eacute;rale vu leur usage tr&egrave;s r&eacute;pandu.=
<span
style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp; </span>Ainsi, malgr&eacute; l&#8217;absen=
ce
d&#8217;un lien de causalit&eacute; solide, certains auteurs jugent que
l&#8217;usage d&#8217;un ISRS devrait &ecirc;tre consid&eacute;r&eacute; co=
mme
un facteur de risque d&#8217;h&eacute;morragies.<span
style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span
style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dright style=3D'text-align:right'>L&#8217;&eacu=
te;quipe
du CIM</p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dright style=3D'text-align:right'>Mars 2009</p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span class=3DSpellE><u><span lang=3DEN-CA style=3D'ms=
o-ansi-language:
EN-CA'>R&eacute;f&eacute;rences</span></u></span><u><span lang=3DEN-CA
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-CA'><o:p></o:p></span></u></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:35.25pt;text-indent:-35.25pt'><sp=
an
lang=3DEN-CA style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-CA'>1.<span style=3D'mso-tab-cou=
nt:1'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>Currie
J. The <span class=3DSpellE>Marketization</span> of Depression: The Prescri=
bing
of SSRI Antidepressants to Women. <span class=3DGramE>Women and Health Prot=
ection
2005.</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:35.25pt;text-indent:-35.25pt'><sp=
an
lang=3DEN-CA style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-CA'>2.<span style=3D'mso-tab-cou=
nt:1'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>Lewis
JD, Strom BL, <st1:place w:st=3D"on"><st1:City w:st=3D"on"><span class=3DSp=
ellE>Localio</span></st1:City>
 <st1:State w:st=3D"on">AR</st1:State></st1:place>, <span class=3DGramE>et<=
/span>
coll. Moderate and high affinity serotonin reuptake inhibitors increase the
risk of upper gastrointestinal toxicity. <span class=3DSpellE>Pharmacoepide=
miol</span>
Drug <span class=3DSpellE>Saf</span> 2008; 17:328-35.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:35.25pt;text-indent:-35.25pt'><sp=
an
lang=3DEN-CA style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-CA'>3. <span style=3D'mso-tab-co=
unt:1'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>de
Abajo FJ, Rodriguez LAG et Montero D. Association between selective seroton=
in
reuptake inhibitors and upper gastrointestinal <span class=3DGramE>bleeding=
&nbsp;:</span>
population based case-control study. </span>BMJ 1999;319&nbsp;:1106-9.</p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:35.25pt;text-indent:-35.25pt'><sp=
an
lang=3DEN-CA style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-CA'>4.<span style=3D'mso-tab-cou=
nt:1'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>Dalton
SO, <span class=3DSpellE>Johanson</span> C, <span class=3DSpellE>Mellemkiae=
r</span>
L, <span class=3DGramE>et</span> coll. Use of selective serotonin reuptake
inhibitors and risk of upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding: a
population-based cohort study. Arch Intern Med 2003; 163:59-64.</span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:35.25pt;text-indent:-35.25pt'><sp=
an
lang=3DEN-CA style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-CA'>5.<span style=3D'mso-tab-cou=
nt:1'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>Paton
C <span class=3DGramE>et</span> Ferrier IN. <span class=3DSpellE>SSRIs</spa=
n> and
gastrointestinal bleeding. BMJ 2005<span class=3DGramE>;331:529</span>-30.<=
o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:35.25pt;text-indent:-35.25pt;mso-=
outline-level:
2;background:white'><span lang=3DEN-CA style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-CA'>6.=
<span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
</span><span
class=3DSpellE>Loke</span> YK, <span class=3DSpellE>Trivedi</span> AN <span
class=3DGramE>et</span> Singh S. Meta-Analysis: Gastrointestinal Bleeding d=
ue to
Interaction Between Selective Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors and Non-Steroidal
Anti-Inflammatory Drugs. </span>Aliment <span class=3DSpellE>Pharmacol</spa=
n> <span
class=3DSpellE>Ther</span> 2008;27:31-40. </p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:35.25pt;text-indent:-35.25pt;mso-=
outline-level:
2;background:white'><span lang=3DEN-CA style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-CA'>7.=
<span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
</span><st1:City
w:st=3D"on"><st1:place w:st=3D"on">Dalton</st1:place></st1:City> SO, Sorens=
en HT <span
class=3DGramE>et</span> <span class=3DSpellE>Johanson</span> C. <span class=
=3DSpellE>SSRIs</span>
and upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding What is known and how should it influen=
ce
prescribing? </span><span lang=3DDE style=3D'mso-ansi-language:DE'>CNS Drugs
2006;20:143-51. <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:35.25pt;text-indent:-35.25pt;mso-=
outline-level:
2;background:white'><span lang=3DDE style=3D'mso-ansi-language:DE'>8.<span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
</span><span
class=3DSpellE>Meijer</span> WE, <span class=3DSpellE>Heerdink</span> ER, <=
span
class=3DSpellE>Nolen</span> WA, et <span class=3DSpellE>coll</span>. </span=
><span
class=3DGramE><span lang=3DEN-CA style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-CA'>Associat=
ion of
risk of abnormal bleeding with degree of serotonin reuptake inhibition by
antidepressants.</span></span><span lang=3DEN-CA style=3D'mso-ansi-language=
:EN-CA'>
<a href=3D"javascript:AL_get(this,%20'jour',%20'Arch%20Intern%20Med.');"><s=
pan
class=3DSpellE><span lang=3DFR-CA style=3D'color:windowtext;mso-ansi-langua=
ge:FR-CA;
text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>Arch</span></span></a></span> <sp=
an
class=3DSpellE>Intern</span> Med 2004;164:2367-70.</p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:35.25pt;text-indent:-35.25pt;mso-=
outline-level:
2;background:white'>9. <span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>Vidal
X, <span class=3DSpellE>Ib&aacute;nez</span> L, Vendrell L, et coll. <span
lang=3DEN-CA style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-CA'>Risk of upper gastrointestin=
al
bleeding and the degree of serotonin reuptake inhibition by antidepressants=
: a
case-control study. Drug <span class=3DSpellE>Saf</span> 2008; 31:159-68.<o=
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<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:35.25pt;text-indent:-35.25pt;mso-=
outline-level:
2;background:white'><span lang=3DEN-CA style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-CA'>10=
.<span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><st1:=
City
w:st=3D"on">Layton</st1:City> D, <st1:place w:st=3D"on">Clark</st1:place> D=
W,
Pearce <span class=3DSpellE>Gl</span>, <span class=3DGramE>et</span> coll. =
Is there
an association between selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and risk of
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2;background:white'>11.<span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
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outline-level:
2;background:white'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>

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